Operant Conditioning
Friday, July 7th, 2006Operant Conditioning : Learned HelplessnessOperant Conditioning has been applied in a number of ways to human behaviour. One example is work by researcher Martin Seligman that has led to a theory of depression.
Experimental Helplessness Seligman’s work began with dogs in escape and avoidance conditioning procedures. He set up a chamber with a barrier in […]
Punishment
Thursday, July 6th, 2006In Extinction, a particular behaviour is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing a positive condition or stopping a negative condition. For example, a rat presses the lever in its cage and nothing happens. Neither a positive or a negative condition exists for the rat. The rat presses the lever again and again nothing happens. […]
Types Of Reinforcement
Wednesday, July 5th, 2006Operant Conditioning is the term used by B.F. Skinner to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction […]
What Is Operant Conditioning
Tuesday, July 4th, 2006Operant conditioning (also called instrumental conditioning) is based on a contingency (casual connection) between a response and the consequence that follows the response. Contingencies can be expressed as if-then statements. In operant conditioning there is a contingency of this nature: If the response occurs, then this consequence follows.
OverviewThe theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon […]
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